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2022/1925 EN Art. 2 cercato: 'turnover' . Output generated live by software developed by IusOnDemand srl


expand index turnover:


whereas turnover:


definitions:


cloud tag: and the number of total unique words without stopwords is: 672

 

Article 2

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1)

gatekeepermeans an undertaking providing core_platform_services, designated pursuant to Article 3;

(2)

core_platform_servicemeans any of the following:

(a)

online_intermediation_services;

(b)

online_search_engines;

(c)

online_social_networking_services;

(d)

video-sharing_platform_services;

(e)

number-independent_interpersonal_communications_services;

(f)

operating_systems;

(g)

web_browsers;

(h)

virtual_assistants;

(i)

cloud_computing_services;

(j)

online advertising services, including any advertising networks, advertising exchanges and any other advertising intermediation services, provided by an undertaking that provides any of the core_platform_services listed in points (a) to (i);

(3)

information_society_servicemeans any service as defined in Article 1(1), point (b), of Directive (EU) 2015/1535;

(4)

digital_sectormeans the sector of products and services provided by means of, or through, information_society_services;

(5)

online_intermediation_servicesmeans online_intermediation_services as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150;

(6)

online_search_enginemeans an online_search_engine as defined in Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150;

(7)

online_social_networking_servicemeans a platform that enables end_users to connect and communicate with each other, share content and discover other users and content across multiple devices and, in particular, via chats, posts, videos and recommendations;

(8)

video-sharing_platform_servicemeans a video-sharing_platform_service as defined in Article 1(1), point (aa), of Directive 2010/13/EU;

(9)

number-independent_interpersonal_communications_servicemeans a number-independent_interpersonal_communications_service as defined in Article 2, point (7), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972;

(10)

operating_systemmeans a system software that controls the basic functions of the hardware or software and enables software_applications to run on it;

(11)

web_browsermeans a software_application that enables end_users to access and interact with web content hosted on servers that are connected to networks such as the Internet, including standalone web_browsers as well as web_browsers integrated or embedded in software or similar;

(12)

virtual_assistantmeans a software that can process demands, tasks or questions, including those based on audio, visual, written input, gestures or motions, and that, based on those demands, tasks or questions, provides access to other services or controls connected physical devices;

(13)

cloud_computing_servicemeans a cloud_computing_service as defined in Article 4, point (19), of Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council (24);

(14)

software_application_storesmeans a type of online_intermediation_services, which is focused on software_applications as the intermediated product or service;

(15)

software_applicationmeans any digital product or service that runs on an operating_system;

(16)

payment_servicemeans a payment_service as defined in Article 4, point (3) of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

(17)

‘technical service supporting payment_servicemeans a service within the meaning of Article 3, point (j), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

(18)

payment_system_for_in-app_purchasesmeans a software_application, service or user interface which facilitates purchases of digital content or digital services within a software_application, including content, subscriptions, features or functionality, and the payments for such purchases;

(19)

identification_servicemeans a type of service provided together with or in support of core_platform_services that enables any type of verification of the identity of end_users or business_users, regardless of the technology used;

(20)

end_usermeans any natural or legal person using core_platform_services other than as a business_user;

(21)

business_usermeans any natural or legal person acting in a commercial or professional capacity using core_platform_services for the purpose of or in the course of providing goods or services to end_users;

(22)

rankingmeans the relative prominence given to goods or services offered through online_intermediation_services, online_social_networking_services, video-sharing_platform_services or virtual_assistants, or the relevance given to search_results by online_search_engines, as presented, organised or communicated by the undertakings providing online_intermediation_services, online_social_networking_services, video-sharing_platform_services, virtual_assistants or online_search_engines, irrespective of the technological means used for such presentation, organisation or communication and irrespective of whether only one result is presented or communicated;

(23)

search_resultsmeans any information in any format, including textual, graphic, vocal or other outputs, returned in response to, and related to, a search query, irrespective of whether the information returned is a paid or an unpaid result, a direct answer or any product, service or information offered in connection with the organic results, or displayed along with or partly or entirely embedded in them;

(24)

datameans any digital representation of acts, facts or information and any compilation of such acts, facts or information, including in the form of sound, visual or audiovisual recording;

(25)

‘personal datameans personal data as defined in Article 4, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(26)

‘non-personal datameans data other than personal data;

(27)

undertakingmeans an entity engaged in an economic activity, regardless of its legal status and the way in which it is financed, including all linked enterprises or connected undertakings that form a group through the direct or indirect control of an enterprise or undertaking by another;

(28)

controlmeans the possibility of exercising decisive influence on an undertaking, within the meaning of Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(29)

interoperabilitymeans the ability to exchange information and mutually use the information which has been exchanged through interfaces or other solutions, so that all elements of hardware or software work with other hardware and software and with users in all the ways in which they are intended to function;

(30)

turnovermeans the amount derived by an undertaking within the meaning of Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(31)

profilingmeans profiling as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(32)

consentmeans consent as defined in Article 4, point (11), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(33)

national_courtmeans a court or tribunal of a Member State within the meaning of Article 267 TFEU.

CHAPTER II

GATEKEEPERS

Article 2

Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1)

gatekeeper’ means an undertaking providing core_platform_services, designated pursuant to Article 3;

(2)

core_platform_service’ means any of the following:

(a)

online_intermediation_services;

(b)

online_search_engines;

(c)

online_social_networking_services;

(d)

video-sharing_platform_services;

(e)

number-independent_interpersonal_communications_services;

(f)

operating_systems;

(g)

web_browsers;

(h)

virtual_assistants;

(i)

cloud_computing_services;

(j)

online advertising services, including any advertising networks, advertising exchanges and any other advertising intermediation services, provided by an undertaking that provides any of the core_platform_services listed in points (a) to (i);

(3)

information_society_service’ means any service as defined in Article 1(1), point (b), of Directive (EU) 2015/1535;

(4)

digital_sector’ means the sector of products and services provided by means of, or through, information_society_services;

(5)

online_intermediation_services’ means online_intermediation_services as defined in Article 2, point (2), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150;

(6)

online_search_engine’ means an online_search_engine as defined in Article 2, point (5), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1150;

(7)

online_social_networking_service’ means a platform that enables end_users to connect and communicate with each other, share content and discover other users and content across multiple devices and, in particular, via chats, posts, videos and recommendations;

(8)

video-sharing_platform_service’ means a video-sharing_platform_service as defined in Article 1(1), point (aa), of Directive 2010/13/EU;

(9)

number-independent_interpersonal_communications_service’ means a number-independent_interpersonal_communications_service as defined in Article 2, point (7), of Directive (EU) 2018/1972;

(10)

operating_system’ means a system software that controls the basic functions of the hardware or software and enables software_applications to run on it;

(11)

web_browser’ means a software_application that enables end_users to access and interact with web content hosted on servers that are connected to networks such as the Internet, including standalone web_browsers as well as web_browsers integrated or embedded in software or similar;

(12)

virtual_assistant’ means a software that can process demands, tasks or questions, including those based on audio, visual, written input, gestures or motions, and that, based on those demands, tasks or questions, provides access to other services or controls connected physical devices;

(13)

cloud_computing_service’ means a cloud_computing_service as defined in Article 4, point (19), of Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council (24);

(14)

software_application_stores’ means a type of online_intermediation_services, which is focused on software_applications as the intermediated product or service;

(15)

software_application’ means any digital product or service that runs on an operating_system;

(16)

payment_service’ means a payment_service as defined in Article 4, point (3) of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

(17)

‘technical service supporting payment_service’ means a service within the meaning of Article 3, point (j), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366;

(18)

payment_system_for_in-app_purchases’ means a software_application, service or user interface which facilitates purchases of digital content or digital services within a software_application, including content, subscriptions, features or functionality, and the payments for such purchases;

(19)

identification_service’ means a type of service provided together with or in support of core_platform_services that enables any type of verification of the identity of end_users or business_users, regardless of the technology used;

(20)

end_user’ means any natural or legal person using core_platform_services other than as a business_user;

(21)

business_user’ means any natural or legal person acting in a commercial or professional capacity using core_platform_services for the purpose of or in the course of providing goods or services to end_users;

(22)

ranking’ means the relative prominence given to goods or services offered through online_intermediation_services, online_social_networking_services, video-sharing_platform_services or virtual_assistants, or the relevance given to search_results by online_search_engines, as presented, organised or communicated by the undertakings providing online_intermediation_services, online_social_networking_services, video-sharing_platform_services, virtual_assistants or online_search_engines, irrespective of the technological means used for such presentation, organisation or communication and irrespective of whether only one result is presented or communicated;

(23)

search_results’ means any information in any format, including textual, graphic, vocal or other outputs, returned in response to, and related to, a search query, irrespective of whether the information returned is a paid or an unpaid result, a direct answer or any product, service or information offered in connection with the organic results, or displayed along with or partly or entirely embedded in them;

(24)

data’ means any digital representation of acts, facts or information and any compilation of such acts, facts or information, including in the form of sound, visual or audiovisual recording;

(25)

‘personal data’ means personal data as defined in Article 4, point (1), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(26)

‘non-personal data’ means data other than personal data;

(27)

undertaking’ means an entity engaged in an economic activity, regardless of its legal status and the way in which it is financed, including all linked enterprises or connected undertakings that form a group through the direct or indirect control of an enterprise or undertaking by another;

(28)

control’ means the possibility of exercising decisive influence on an undertaking, within the meaning of Article 3(2) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(29)

interoperability’ means the ability to exchange information and mutually use the information which has been exchanged through interfaces or other solutions, so that all elements of hardware or software work with other hardware and software and with users in all the ways in which they are intended to function;

(30)

turnover’ means the amount derived by an undertaking within the meaning of Article 5(1) of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004;

(31)

profiling’ means profiling as defined in Article 4, point (4), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(32)

consent’ means consent as defined in Article 4, point (11), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679;

(33)

national_court’ means a court or tribunal of a Member State within the meaning of Article 267 TFEU.

CHAPTER II

GATEKEEPERS

Article 3

Designation of gatekeepers

1.   An undertaking shall be designated as a gatekeeper if:

(a)

it has a significant impact on the internal market;

(b)

it provides a core_platform_service which is an important gateway for business_users to reach end_users; and

(c)

it enjoys an entrenched and durable position, in its operations, or it is foreseeable that it will enjoy such a position in the near future.

2.   An undertaking shall be presumed to satisfy the respective requirements in paragraph 1:

(a)

as regards paragraph 1, point (a), where it achieves an annual Union turnover equal to or above EUR 7,5 billion in each of the last three financial years, or where its average market capitalisation or its equivalent fair market value amounted to at least EUR 75 billion in the last financial year, and it provides the same core_platform_service in at least three Member States;

(b)

as regards paragraph 1, point (b), where it provides a core_platform_service that in the last financial year has at least 45 million monthly active end_users established or located in the Union and at least 10 000 yearly active business_users established in the Union, identified and calculated in accordance with the methodology and indicators set out in the Annex;

(c)

as regards paragraph 1, point (c), where the thresholds in point (b) of this paragraph were met in each of the last three financial years.

3.   Where an undertaking providing core_platform_services meets all of the thresholds in paragraph 2, it shall notify the Commission thereof without delay and in any event within 2 months after those thresholds are met and provide it with the relevant information identified in paragraph 2. That notification shall include the relevant information identified in paragraph 2 for each of the core_platform_services of the undertaking that meets the thresholds in paragraph 2, point (b). Whenever a further core_platform_service provided by the undertaking that has previously been designated as a gatekeeper meets the thresholds in paragraph 2, points (b) and (c), such undertaking shall notify the Commission thereof within 2 months after those thresholds are satisfied.

Where the undertaking providing the core_platform_service fails to notify the Commission pursuant to the first subparagraph of this paragraph and fails to provide within the deadline set by the Commission in the request for information pursuant to Article 21 all the relevant information that is required for the Commission to designate the undertaking concerned as gatekeeper pursuant to paragraph 4 of this Article, the Commission shall still be entitled to designate that undertaking as a gatekeeper, based on information available to the Commission.

Where the undertaking providing core_platform_services complies with the request for information pursuant to the second subparagraph of this paragraph or where the information is provided after the expiration of the deadline referred to in that subparagraph, the Commission shall apply the procedure set out in paragraph 4.

4.   The Commission shall designate as a gatekeeper, without undue delay and at the latest within 45 working days after receiving the complete information referred to in paragraph 3, an undertaking providing core_platform_services that meets all the thresholds in paragraph 2.

5.   The undertaking providing core_platform_services may present, with its notification, sufficiently substantiated arguments to demonstrate that, exceptionally, although it meets all the thresholds in paragraph 2, due to the circumstances in which the relevant core_platform_service operates, it does not satisfy the requirements listed in paragraph 1.

Where the Commission considers that the arguments submitted pursuant to the first subparagraph by the undertaking providing core_platform_services are not sufficiently substantiated because they do not manifestly call into question the presumptions set out in paragraph 2 of this Article, it may reject those arguments within the time limit referred to in paragraph 4, without applying the procedure laid down in Article 17(3).

Where the undertaking providing core_platform_services does present such sufficiently substantiated arguments manifestly calling into question the presumptions in paragraph 2 of this Article, the Commission may, notwithstanding the first subparagraph of this paragraph, within the time limit referred to in paragraph 4 of this Article, open the procedure laid down in Article 17(3).

If the Commission concludes that the undertaking providing core_platform_services was not able to demonstrate that the relevant core_platform_services that it provides do not satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall designate that undertaking as a gatekeeper in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 17(3).

6.   The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 49 to supplement this Regulation by specifying the methodology for determining whether the quantitative thresholds laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article are met, and to regularly adjust that methodology to market and technological developments, where necessary.

7.   The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 49 to amend this Regulation by updating the methodology and the list of indicators set out in the Annex.

8.   The Commission shall designate as a gatekeeper, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 17, any undertaking providing core_platform_services that meets each of the requirements of paragraph 1 of this Article, but does not satisfy each of the thresholds in paragraph 2 of this Article.

For that purpose, the Commission shall take into account some or all of the following elements, insofar as they are relevant for the undertaking providing core_platform_services under consideration:

(a)

the size, including turnover and market capitalisation, operations and position of that undertaking;

(b)

the number of business_users using the core_platform_service to reach end_users and the number of end_users;

(c)

network effects and data driven advantages, in particular in relation to that undertaking’s access to, and collection of, personal data and non-personal data or analytics capabilities;

(d)

any scale and scope effects from which the undertaking benefits, including with regard to data, and, where relevant, to its activities outside the Union;

(e)

business_user or end_user lock-in, including switching costs and behavioural bias reducing the ability of business_users and end_users to switch or multi-home;

(f)

a conglomerate corporate structure or vertical integration of that undertaking, for instance enabling that undertaking to cross subsidise, to combine data from different sources or to leverage its position; or

(g)

other structural business or service characteristics.

In carrying out its assessment under this paragraph, the Commission shall take into account foreseeable developments in relation to the elements listed in the second subparagraph, including any planned concentrations involving another undertaking providing core_platform_services or providing any other services in the digital_sector or enabling the collection of data.

Where an undertaking providing a core_platform_service that does not satisfy the quantitative thresholds of paragraph 2 fails to comply with the investigative measures ordered by the Commission in a significant manner, and that failure persists after that undertaking has been invited to comply within a reasonable time limit and to submit observations, the Commission may designate that undertaking as a gatekeeper on the basis of the facts available to the Commission.

9.   For each undertaking designated as a gatekeeper pursuant to paragraph 4 or 8, the Commission shall list in the designation decision the relevant core_platform_services that are provided within that undertaking and which individually are an important gateway for business_users to reach end_users as referred to in paragraph 1, point (b).

10.   The gatekeeper shall comply with the obligations laid down in Articles 5, 6 and 7 within 6 months after a core_platform_service has been listed in the designation decision pursuant to paragraph 9 of this Article.

Article 14

Obligation to inform about concentrations

1.   A gatekeeper shall inform the Commission of any intended concentration within the meaning of Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004, where the merging entities or the target of concentration provide core_platform_services or any other services in the digital_sector or enable the collection of data, irrespective of whether it is notifiable to the Commission under that Regulation or to a competent national competition authority under national merger rules.

A gatekeeper shall inform the Commission of such a concentration prior to its implementation and following the conclusion of the agreement, the announcement of the public bid, or the acquisition of a controlling interest.

2.   The information provided by the gatekeeper pursuant to paragraph 1 shall at least describe the undertakings concerned by the concentration, their Union and worldwide annual turnovers, their fields of activity, including activities directly related to the concentration, and the transaction value of the agreement or an estimation thereof, along with a summary of the concentration, including its nature and rationale and a list of the Member States concerned by the concentration.

The information provided by the gatekeeper shall also describe, for any relevant core_platform_services, their Union annual turnovers, their numbers of yearly active business_users and their numbers of monthly active end_users, respectively.

3.   If, following any concentration referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, additional core_platform_services individually meet the thresholds in Article 3(2), point (b), the gatekeeper concerned shall inform the Commission thereof within 2 months from the implementation of the concentration and provide the Commission with the information referred to in Article 3(2).

4.   The Commission shall inform the competent authorities of the Member States of any information received pursuant to paragraph 1 and publish annually the list of acquisitions of which it has been informed by gatekeepers pursuant to that paragraph.

The Commission shall take account of the legitimate interest of undertakings in the protection of their business secrets.

5.   The competent authorities of the Member States may use the information received under paragraph 1 of this Article to request the Commission to examine the concentration pursuant to Article 22 of Regulation (EC) No 139/2004.

Article 30

Fines

1.   In the non-compliance decision, the Commission may impose on a gatekeeper fines not exceeding 10 % of its total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year where it finds that the gatekeeper, intentionally or negligently, fails to comply with:

(a)

any of the obligations laid down in Articles 5, 6 and 7;

(b)

measures specified by the Commission in a decision adopted pursuant to Article 8(2);

(c)

remedies imposed pursuant to Article 18(1);

(d)

interim measures ordered pursuant to Article 24; or

(e)

commitments made legally binding pursuant to Article 25.

2.   Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this Article, in the non-compliance decision the Commission may impose on a gatekeeper fines up to 20 % of its total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year where it finds that a gatekeeper has committed the same or a similar infringement of an obligation laid down in Article 5, 6 or 7 in relation to the same core_platform_service as it was found to have committed in a non-compliance decision adopted in the 8 preceding years.

3.   The Commission may adopt a decision, imposing on undertakings, including gatekeepers where applicable, and associations of undertakings, fines not exceeding 1 % of their total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year where they intentionally or negligently:

(a)

fail to provide within the time limit information that is required for assessing their designation as gatekeepers pursuant to Article 3 or supply incorrect, incomplete or misleading information;

(b)

fail to comply with the obligation to notify the Commission according to Article 3(3);

(c)

fail to notify information or supply incorrect, incomplete or misleading information that is required pursuant to Article 14;

(d)

fail to submit the description or supply incorrect, incomplete or misleading information that is required pursuant to Article 15;

(e)

fail to provide access to data, algorithms or information about testing in response to a request made pursuant to Article 21(3);

(f)

fail to supply the information requested within the time limit fixed pursuant to Article 21(3) or supply incorrect, incomplete or misleading information or explanations that are requested pursuant to Article 21 or given in an interview pursuant to Article 22;

(g)

fail to rectify within a time limit set by the Commission, incorrect, incomplete or misleading information given by a representative or a member of staff, or fail or refuse to provide complete information on facts relating to the subject-matter and purpose of an inspection, pursuant to Article 23;

(h)

refuse to submit to an inspection pursuant to Article 23;

(i)

fail to comply with the obligations imposed by the Commission pursuant to Article 26;

(j)

fail to introduce a compliance function in accordance with Article 28; or

(k)

fail to comply with the conditions for access to the Commission’s file pursuant to Article 34(4).

4.   In fixing the amount of a fine, the Commission shall take into account the gravity, duration, recurrence, and, for fines imposed pursuant to paragraph 3, delay caused to the proceedings.

5.   When a fine is imposed on an association of undertakings taking account of the worldwide turnover of its members and that association is not solvent, it shall be obliged to call for contributions from its members to cover the amount of the fine.

Where such contributions have not been made to the association of undertakings within a time limit set by the Commission, the Commission may require payment of the fine directly by any of the undertakings whose representatives were members of the decision-making bodies concerned of that association.

After having required payment in accordance with the second subparagraph, the Commission may require payment of the balance by any of the members of the association of undertakings, where necessary to ensure full payment of the fine.

However, the Commission shall not require payment pursuant to the second or the third subparagraph from undertakings which show that they have not implemented the decision of the association of undertakings that infringed this Regulation, and either were not aware of its existence, or have actively distanced themselves from it before the Commission opened proceedings under Article 20.

The financial liability of each undertaking in respect of the payment of the fine shall not exceed 20 % of its total worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year.

Article 31

Periodic penalty payments

1.   The Commission may adopt a decision imposing on undertakings, including gatekeepers where applicable, and associations of undertakings periodic penalty payments not exceeding 5 % of the average daily worldwide turnover in the preceding financial year per day, calculated from the date set by that decision, in order to compel them:

(a)

to comply with the measures specified by the Commission in a decision adopted pursuant to Article 8(2);

(b)

to comply with the decision pursuant to Article 18(1);

(c)

to supply correct and complete information within the time limit required by a request for information made by decision pursuant to Article 21;

(d)

to ensure access to data, algorithms and information about testing in response to a request made pursuant to Article 21(3) and to supply explanations on those as required by a decision pursuant to Article 21;

(e)

to submit to an inspection which was ordered by a decision taken pursuant to Article 23;

(f)

to comply with a decision ordering interim measures taken pursuant to Article 24;

(g)

to comply with commitments made legally binding by a decision pursuant to Article 25(1);

(h)

to comply with a decision pursuant to Article 29(1).

2.   Where the undertakings, or associations of undertakings, have satisfied the obligation which the periodic penalty payment was intended to enforce, the Commission may adopt an implementing act, setting the definitive amount of the periodic penalty payment at a figure lower than that which would arise under the original decision. That implementing act shall be adopted in accordance with the advisory procedure referred to in Article 50(2).


whereas









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